← All comparisons · Cardiovascular event prevention

Which interventions reduce major cardiovascular events (composite)?

Outcome definition: Each trial's primary major adverse cardiovascular event composite.

The composite components differ across trials and interventions (some include revascularization or unstable angina, others only MI/stroke/CV death). Relative effects on this row are NOT strictly like-for-like—read each intervention with its endpoint definition.

How to read this comparison

Every intervention below was measured against the same outcome, so their effects are lined up on one axis. They are not pooled together. Relative effects (risk ratios) are broadly comparable, but the interventions were studied in different populations (see the Population column), so absolute benefit and NNT are not directly comparable across rows.

Effect on major cardiovascular events (composite)

Each row is a different intervention's pooled effect on the same outcome. Interventions are not pooled together—this is a comparison, not a meta-analysis.

Interventions

Intervention	Population	RR [95% CI]	Improvement	NNT	Studies	Status
CoQ10 in Chronic Heart Failure (Q-SYMBIO)	Chronic heart failure (HF)	0.57 [0.38–0.85]	43%	9	1	Limited data
Statins for primary prevention	Cardiovascular disease (primary prevention)	0.66 [0.60–0.73]	34%	65	7	Favorable
Statins for secondary prevention	Established cardiovascular disease	0.76 [0.72–0.80]	24%	17	4	Favorable
Omega-3 (fish oil) for cardiovascular events	Cardiovascular disease	0.86 [0.78–0.95]	14%	68	7	Favorable

NNT is shown where a baseline risk was available; it reflects each intervention's own study population and follow-up, so NNTs are not comparable between rows with different baseline risk.